This was the first class that I taught at the Divine Proportions event two weeks ago. Attendance was light, but everyone seemed interested, and it was chosen to be in the theme of divinely inspired proportions.
All three of these books were published (printing press) in Venice in the late 15th, early 16th century. All of them are eventually published with woodcut illustrations. Venice was a major city for these professional illustrators. All of these books are still required reading for college majors in architecture, art history, and the classics. So they are easy and cheap to find on the on-line used bookstores sites such as abe.com or alibris.com.
Vitruvius - the Roman
Free, On-line text of “De Architectura” (The Ten Books on Architecture) –
http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Vitruvius/home.htmlI think that this is the text that I would most recommend to another Scadian. It has great information on military siege engines, the Archimedes screw for raising water, the principles for making a water clock, lots of good project information. The divine proportions that Vitruvius uses are based on the human body (as later illustrated by Leonardo da Vinci).
Alberti - the Writer
Free, On-line text of “De Re Aedificatoria” (The Ten Books of Architecture) – -
http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=89563736Alberti is a writer who also dabbles in architecture. He is the one who gets the Vitruvius text revived and printed in the late 1400's. He takes a stab at updating the Vitruvius format with his own book, De Re Aedificatoria. He deletes all of the military engineering and city planning that Vitruvius covers. He updates the temple design section for Christian churches. He also tries to take the human proportions of Vitruvius and tries to make them jibe with the ratios of Pythagoras.
Palladio - the Architect
“The Four Books of Architecture” 1570 AD printed with illustration Venice
I have not found any free, on-line text in english available for Palladio, but the publisher for the most common version is Dover. Supposedly MIT Press has a modern English translation.
Palladio influences the next 300 years of architecture with this book and with the beautiful mansions that he builds for the rich elites of Italy. His book is much more focused than the other two. He takes the classical elements of the greeks and romans and turns them into purely decorative elements, and then uses the principles of ancient temple design and uses them to build residences for the wealthy.
Palladio uses the perfect proportions of the rectangle of Vitruvius and Alberti, and adds the square. Supposedly his buildings are so perfect in scale and in height, width, and depth that the human occupant will actually feel it, like a faint buzz.
The class went fairly well. I need to work on my presentation techniques. What did happen that was a surprise, was that everyone wanted to actually try out the Vitruvian man proportions on themselves. I think that if I do a similar class in the future, I will make this a performance piece or workshop with this as the focus.
http://www.art.com/products/p12944815-sa-i2175594/leonardo-da-vinci-vitruvian-man.htm?sorig=cat&sorigid=0&dimvals=0&ui=3cc891da8d6c44708416fe89d7c8ce0fNote: the Alberti and Palladio english translations are replicas of the original english translations done in the 18th century. Some readers may find this style a bit irritating, with the formal language and elongated "S", which have more to do with the 18th century than the Renaissance.